Zhitlovski, Chaim

(1865-1943)

   Russian philos-opher and essayist. He was born in a small town near Vitebsk, Belorussia. He initially was involved in the revolutionary activities of the Narodniki. Later he founded the Jewish section of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which advocated Jewish national emancipation and Yiddish as the language of national rebirth. In 1888 he left Russia and settled in Switzerland, where he edited The Russian Worker. He returned to Russia after the revolution of 1905 and helped to found the Seymist party. In 1908 he went to New York, where he edited Dos neie leben.